at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
letter; missive; note; mail
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
average (normal, ordinary) year; every year; annually
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
studying abroad; studying at a different school, etc. (usu. for a specific purpose)
possible; likely; probable
change; alteration; modification
to be bewildered; to be perplexed
alchemy; way of making money; moneymaker; money-spinner
study subject; course of study; department (university, etc.)
pupil; student; schoolchild
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
fascination; to charm; to fascinate; to mesmerize
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do