concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
bell (used for summoning or signalling); buzzer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
grown-up (manner, etc.); mature; adult
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
it's been a long time; long time no see
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
don't you think?; indicates question
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold