at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
strife; riot; (media) uproar; brouhaha; feud; tussle
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
reaching a stopping place; settling down (before the next stage); getting to a point where one can rest; one paragraph
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
underwater; behind closed doors; behind the scenes; below the surface
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
in so doing; when you do so; in this regard; on this occasion; some time during that period
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
train (esp. long distance train); steam train
time; hour; period; class