holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
to support (a theory, claim, etc.); to back up; to substantiate; to prove
supremacy; predominance; being superior to
as; because; with; due to
to have two things (at the same time) (e.g. good and bad points); to also have something (in addition to something else)
Di people; Zhou dynasty term used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the north
Xirong; Rong; inhabitants of the extremities of China as early as the Shang dynasty (1765-1122 BCE); (lit.) barbarians to the west
tributary system (of Imperial China)
clarification; definition
education; enlightenment; civilization; civilisation; indoctrination
foolish; idiotic; stupid; ridiculous; absurd
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
disadvantage; handicap; drawback; inadvisability; inexpediency; loss
unfathomable; inestimable; immeasurable
the relation of master to servant
bestowing peerage by imperial edict (in ancient China); document bestowing peerage
beginning of the month or the year; New Year's Day; the calendar
to present; to dedicate; to obey; to follow; to proudly bear
to obligate; to make compulsory; to require; to mandate
several times (as large, over)
defense costs; defence costs; ERA
gift; boon; (good) result; fruit (e.g. of one's efforts)
contract; compact; agreement
you could say; you might say; verging on the
security guarantee (e.g. military security, network security, etc.)
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358-1408)
Koshi (former province located in present-day Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata prefectures; later split into Echizen, Etchū, and Echigo)
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
person who has spent X years after graduating high school attempting to get admitted to (a specific) university
neighboring countries; surrounding countries
China and foreign countries (from the perspective of China); civilized land and uncivilized land
poor crop; bad harvest; crop failure; low quality (e.g. of literary works)
going to and fro; back and forth
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
right of control; supremacy; sovereignty
poverty; destitution; privation; indigence; penury