origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to point; to nominate; to select someone; to identify; to indicate; to play (a game of shogi)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to discuss; to talk together
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
originally; by nature; from the start
war; fighting; fierce competition
victory or defeat; issue (of battle); outcome
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
by means of; due to; because of; according to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be conceivable that; to be thinkable that
Sun Tzu (Chinese general and strategist, 544-496 BCE)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
locational advantage; advantageous position
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to outwit; to outsmart; to counterplot; to pierce something all the way through
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
ground-breaking; revolutionary; unprecedented; epoch-making
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do