state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
after that; afterwards; thereafter
Kawachi (former province located in the east of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
viceroy; governor-general
to appoint; to nominate; to assume (responsibility); to pose as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
dealing with; coping with
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
due form; official; formality
Spain; Spanish (language)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
Qiang (Chinese ethnic group)
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
different race; different ethnic group; different peoples
to have authority over; to exercise one's authority (over); to glare; to scowl at; to glower at
while; even though; despite
substantial; real (as opposed to nominal)