street; quarter; district; area
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
corner; section; one horn; narwhal (Monodon monoceros)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to suffer; to receive (kindness, rebuke, support); to sustain (damage)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
two persons; two people; pair; couple
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
older sister; elder sister
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
(some) more; even more; longer; further
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen