1. at; in; on
indicates place or time
2. to; toward; into; for
indicates direction
3. to; for; in order to
indicates purpose
4. because of; for; with; by; due to
indicates reason or cause
5. marks the target of an action; marks the recipient of an action
e.g. 友達～伝える
6. marks the outcome of a change; marks the result of an action
as in 大人～なる
7. as (i.e. in the role of; e.g. as a teacher, as a gift); for (as in "in return for"); on (i.e. on the occasion of); from (e.g. the perspective of)
8. by; from
indicates place of departure or origin of action
9. per; in; for; a (as in "once a month")
10. with; to
marks the thing being compared to, or taken as a basis
11. concerning; regarding; on (as in "knowledgeable on"); in; for (as in "suitable for"); as for; about
indicates relation or domain
12. indicates manner of action; indicates a state
e.g. ず～, 仰向け～, 一足飛び～
13. by; with; using; via
indicates means of action
14. marks the item of a decision; marks the thing being decided on
as ～する (or ～決める)
15. forms a honorific verb
after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb; as（お／ご）...～なる
16. indicates that an action is happening intensively; emphaticizes an action
after the -masu stem of a verb, followed by the same verb
17. and; in addition to
as ...に...（に）etc.
18. I did ..., but; while it is true that ...; though there may be ...
as する～はするが, where する is any repeated verb; indicates concession
19. indicates respect toward the subject of the sentence
as ～は, or ～も; e.g. 皆様～は
20. at; in
indicates location of action
21. I can't ..., even if I wanted to
as する～できない or しよう～もできない, where する is any repeated verb; e.g. 泣く～泣けない or 泣こう～も泣けない
22. although there should be ...; even though one would expect ...
as ...（よう／う）～
23. when; if; on (e.g. reflection)
mostly limited to set phrases in modern Japanese
24. although; despite; even though; and yet
dated or dialectal