① 人間がその歴史において形成してきた慣習、営みの総称。カルチャー。場合により哲学・芸術・学問・信仰など人間の精神的営みと、その成果を指す。② 他の語彙の前に付いて、ハイカラ・便利・新式などの意を表す。 文明開化。
literature; the arts; art and literature; liberal arts
written appeal; manifesto; declaration
writing; composition; essay; sentence
writing composed entirely of kana; kana text
Chinese classical writing; Chinese classics; writing composed entirely of kanji
① （多くは契約書や宣言文、格言など、格式張った文章について）文章中の語句、言葉遣い。
Japanese puppet theatre (theater); bunraku
unwritten; illiterate; uneducated; poor writing
document; writing; letter; papers; notes; records
humanity; civilization; civilisation; culture
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
correspondence; exchange of letters
① 通常通りに読む場合と、通常と反対方向に読む場合とで、読み方が一致する語または文。日本語の「新聞紙」「竹屋が焼けた」、英語の「my gym」の類。
① 活版印刷で、原稿に従って必要な活字を選び集めること。また、それを職業とする人。
afterword; epilogue; postscript
① 詩、小説、戯曲など、感情や思想を言葉であらわした芸術。② 1を研究する学問。③ 人文科学。④ 独特の言い回し。修辞法。
① 詩文や書画など文芸をたしなむ人。② 文化人。文化に貢献のある人。文化活動で世の中に貢献する人。③ 軍人でない人。文民。シビリアン。
example sentence; illustrative sentence; model sentence
literary world; literary circles
Bunroku era (1592.12.8-1596.10.27)
① 主に文章、特に公的な文書を書くときに使用される用語。文法・言い回しが確定しており、堅苦しい・古めかしい印象を与える。② (現代日本語に対して) 古典日本語。
① 研究成果などをまとめた文章。論考。論攷。② ある事物について筋道を立てて意見を述べた文章。論説文。
literary style; form of (written) language (e.g. classical, modern)
modern Japanese; current written style
literary and military arts; the pen and the sword
the text; the main clause; the main part of a document
plain text; unciphered text
Japanese writing; Japanese text
epistolary style; style of written correspondence
Sanskrit writing; Sanskrit text; Sanskrit scripture; scripture in Sanskrit characters
Bun'ō era (1260.4.13-1261.2.20)
eight-legged essay (classical Chinese style of essay writing)
① 都市を基盤にして、多様な職業に分化され、技術面が高度に発達した社会の形態。
① 武官以外の官吏の旧称で軍事以外の行政事務を取り扱う官吏
① 文章を書くこと。また、その文章。② 国語教育の一環として、文章を書くこと。また、その文章。③ 形式は整っているが内容の乏しい文章。つじつま合わせのために虚偽を記した文章。またそのような文章を書くこと。
① 前後の文章における語の論理的な繋がり具合。② 物事の筋道。
humanities, social sciences, and fine arts; liberal arts
department (faculty) of literature
preface; foreword; introduction
descriptive (narrative) part
written apology; written statement of regret
whole passage; full text; whole sentence; full paragraph
written description of one's thoughts
fixed phrase; canned phrase; standard wording; template; boilerplate
Kanbun era (1661.4.25-1673.9.21)
threatening letter; intimidating letter
famous literary composition
same text; same wording; same script; same language
poetry and prose; literature; literary works
short essay; pamphlet; tract
the above sentence; the foregoing remark; preamble (to a statute, constitution, etc.); opening part of a letter (used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.)
Bunten exhibition; art exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education (antecedent of the Nitten exhibition)
variant (in a manuscript or book); part of a text that differs from other versions
official document; archives
Bachelor of Arts; BA; B.A.
humanities and sciences; social sciences and hard sciences; context; (line of) reasoning
① 日本語において、文を不自然にならない範囲で最小まで区切ったもので、文と単語の中間に位置する単位。1個の自立語及び、0ないし複数の付属語により構成され、助詞「ね」を付することにより認識される。「私は走った」という文を文節に分けると、「私は」、「走った」となる。
imperative sentence; imperative statement
poor piece of writing; my poor writing
Minister of Education, Science and Culture
password; secret spell; secret phrase
travel writing; travel piece; traveller's journal; traveler's journal
greeting phrase (in letter, etc.); salutation
Japanese text; sentence in Japanese
① 美しい形容を用いて飾り立て、修辞上の技巧を凝らした文章。
judgment paper; judgement paper
plain text; unciphered text
(enervating) attraction to books or learning
main text (as opposed to any included commentary or annotations); authentic text (e.g. of a treaty, as opposed to any translation not specified as authentic); Chinese classical literature
unification of the written and spoken forms of a language
writing in a European language; European text; Roman letters
start of a sentence, phrase, etc.
Genbun era (1736.4.28-1741.2.27)
explicit statement (e.g. law); express provision
Tenbun era (1532.7.29-1555.10.23)
① 何を言いたいのかよくわからない、下手な文章。稚拙な文章。
a sentence; one sentence; (short) piece of writing
responsibility for wording of an article
lost work; lost writings; partially lost work; literary fragment; work of a superior quality
compound sentence; sentenced formed of two independent clauses; important cultural property; important cultural asset
civil and military officers
translation; piece of translated writing; translated sentence
Bunna era (of the Northern Court) (1352.9.27-1356.3.28); Bunwa era
colloquial writing; text written in a spoken form of the language
this thesis; this article; the article under consideration
Chinese bronze inscriptions; type of lettering used on metal objects, especially in China during the Yin and Zhou dynasties
cultural progress; advance of the arts
unpunctuated Chinese texts
Chinese language (written); Chinese literature
inscription; epitaph; composing the text for an inscription, usu. an epitaph
poor writing; bad writing; rambling prose
flavor of literary style; flavour of literary style
phrases, etc. at the ends of letters, etc.
the style is the man; the style is the man himself
Western word or sentence; word created by translating components of a Western word
dead letter; meaningless writing
written contribution; submission (to a newspaper, online forum, etc.)
mixed writing of literary Japanese and Chinese
Bunshō era (1466.2.28-1467.3.5)
German literature; German sentence
text written in literary style
personal letter; epistolary style
annotation; explanatory note
(piece of) writing in colloquial style; vulgar writing
complex sentence; sentence with an independent clause and at least one dependent clause
transcription of Chinese classics into Japanese
end of a sentence; sentence final
the foregoing; the forgoing
civil official (esp. dealing with literary matters)
epistolary style; epistolary phrase
input sentence; input statement
Russian text; text written in Russian; Russian literature; Russian literature faculty
Japanese literature; Japanese writing; Japanese text
epigraph on a stone monument; ancient inscriptions on monuments
(Edo-period) humorous literature
anthology; literary world; collection of literary masterpieces
transcription of Chinese classics into Japanese
addendum (to a treaty or contract); annex; annexure; subordinate clause
Heian-period kana writing
lettering of an engraving
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
missing part (of manuscript)
Japanese shubunkin goldfish variety
commercial correspondence
easily misunderstood sentence; garden-path sentence; (lit.) cul-de-sac sentence
stone inscription; epigraphy
(Sun Yat-sen's) Three Principles of the People
kanji "literature" radical (radical 67)
exclamatory sentence; exclamation
exclamatory sentence; exclamation
sentential negation; sentence negation; statement negation
procedure branching statement
delimited scope statement
document architecture; document body
compiler directing statement
imperative statement; unconditional statement
compound-complex sentence
normal style of writing; modern Japanese text; text written in literary style with mixed kanji and kana (until the Taisho era)
searching with natural language; natural sentence search
word form used in literary language
the pen is mightier than the sword
funeral eulogy; memorial address
kanbun converted into literary Japanese
kanbun converted into literary Japanese