obstinate; stubborn; headstrong; self-centred; self-centered
turning another away at the gate or front door; refusing to receive a caller
adopted child (usu. male); son-in-law
biological parent; real parent
(arch.) southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south); (arch.) South-East Asia; (arch.) Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies); exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style); (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm); nanban; dish prepared using chili peppers and Welsh onions
splendid; praiseworthy; admirable; well done!; bravo!
father and mother; parents
foster father; adoptive father
to arrive; to come to pass
fabrication; forgery; falsehood; hoax
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
orchid; Netherlands; Holland
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
country; territory; domain; realm
long (time); longstanding; for a long time
extremely familiar; very well-acquainted
opening (a door, window, etc.); leaving open; opening up (e.g. to the public); allowing (public) access
place of residence; dwelling place
to be at a loss; to be in a corner
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
independent state; independent nation
to run into; to rush into; to (run and) seek refuge in; to take shelter in
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
remnants of a defeated army
yoke; constraints; oppression
quiet; still; surreptitious
password; watchword; motto; slogan
house where one was born; one's parents' house
naturalization; naturalisation
ancestor; forefather; originator; pioneer; grandfather