old enemy; longtime enemy; arch-enemy; traditional rival; longstanding foe
to run; to hurry (when going somewhere); to drive (a car) quickly; to ride fast (on a horse); to win (fame)
to grasp back; to squeeze back; to grab back
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
modernization; modernisation
townscape; street (of stores and houses); (look of) stores and houses on street
to rub; to pat; to stroke; to massage
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
to project; to show; to portray; to depict; to describe
preservation; conservation; storage; saving (e.g. to disk)
to surprise; to frighten; to create a stir
structure; construction; makeup; framework; organization; pattern
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
steady progress; rapid advance
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
international community; international society; the world
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
premature; untimely (e.g. death); early
face; looks; vestiges; trace
innocent; chaste; naive; pure; unmixed; genuine
cannot be compared with; no match for
to overwhelm (e.g. an opponent); to overpower; to overwhelm (someone with emotion); to move; to intimidate; to frighten
convenience; user-friendliness
to be rich in; to abound in; to be abundant in; to be rich; to be wealthy
container; receptacle; utensil; implement; calibre; talent
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
complete devotion (to); total commitment (to); unvarying support (for); unwavering fixation (on); rigid preoccupation (with)
achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; contribution
to disturb; to prevent; to obstruct; to hinder
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
changing completely; transformation
estimate; estimation; valuation; quotation
underestimation; undervaluation
consequently; as a result
root; source; origin; cause
superior (in rank); top; higher order (e.g. byte); host computer (of connected device)
to collect oneself; to cool off; to recover oneself
natural posture (esp. in judo); natural stance; natural attitude; relaxed manner; calm manner