stopgap; makeshift; temporary measure
preface; introduction; preamble
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
family circle; one's circle (of friends, co-workers, etc.); private matters; internal affairs; conservative (e.g. estimate); moderate
senility; senile decay; infirmity (through age)
elderly woman; senior lady-in-waiting
agency; commission; reception (of guests); conveyance (of messages)
direct descent; direct line
poisonous air; poisonous gas; poisonous ingredient; poisonous nature; malice; spite
drawing; painting; doodling; sketching
kotatsu; table over an electric heater (orig. a charcoal brazier in a floor well) with a hanging quilt that retains heat
rank; ranking order; hierarchy
balance of power (in a relationship); power dynamic
clear as day; perfectly obvious; plain as daylight
attendance; presence; appearance
reward money; reward; honorarium
private organization (neither controlled nor protected by law); private organisation
fundraising; financing; cash flow
donation; contribution; endowment
as; because; with; due to
year by year; annually; every year; from year to year
decrease; reduction; decline
suggestion; proposition; proposal; submission (of a bill); motion; proposal
armed might; military power; the sword; force
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
to delay; to postpone; to put off; to slow down; to hold up; to retard
protection; defense; providence; amulet; charm
attack; offence; dominant partner of a homosexual relationship; a barrage of; a flood of
to tie; to fasten; to hitch; to secure (trust, patronage of customers, etc.); to keep (an employee, someone's interest, etc.); to save (someone's life)
to need; to call for; to require
abundant; ample; plentiful; lustrous; glossy
expenditure; disbursement; expenses
to sit; to squat; to be implicated
cut; reduction; curtailment
to gain the understanding (of); to obtain consent (from)