indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into