indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
happening; (unexpected) incident; unforeseen event; surprising occurrence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
small fraction; small proportion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to remove; to eliminate; to eradicate; to exclude; to except
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
guardian; protector; patron; parent
absence; disregard; indifference
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
unexpected; unforeseen; strange
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tension; mental strain; nervousness
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
or something; for instance ... (though there are other suitable options); ... or ...; as soon as; right after; while still
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
bath; bathing; bathhouse; public bath; room for drying lacquerware; base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
therefore; for that reason; such being the case
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shrink; to contract; to diminish (in size)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
feeling; sense; impression