long ago; a long time ago; already
to be ruined; to go under; to perish; to be destroyed
well-known only to those in the know; be well-known but to the few; highly regarded by a select few
training; education; development; cultivation
to be helpful; to be useful
to knock at the gate; to request an apprenticeship; to ask to be made a pupil
to repent; to regret; to be sorry; to rue
to master something (through personal experience)
clear; clear-cut; lucid; unequivocal; explicit
to give up as hopeless; to wash one's hands (of someone or something)
to struggle; to writhe; to wriggle; to act frantically; to make desperate efforts
English writing; English sentence; English text; English literature; English lit
favorite child; favourite child; darling; favorite; star
to endure; to keep out (e.g. rain); to pull through; to get over; to surpass; to outdo
handling (e.g. knife, reins); control; use; dealing with (e.g. customers); management; disposal (esp. sale of goods)
to brace one's legs; to stand firm; to plant one's feet (firmly on the ground); to hold out; to persist; to make an effort
so; therefore; for that reason; if so; if that is the case; in that case
useless; no future in it; doesn't make sense; having no point
personal (employee); employed; retained
great laughter; burst of laughter
taboo; day, time, direction, words, etc. that must be avoided; contraindication
cane; walking stick; staff; wand
to lose one's energy; to be cowardly
out-of-place; inappropriate; sticking out like a sore thumb
handful; small amount; small number
set of tools (implements); kit; outfit
at first; at the outset; to begin with; as a first step
choosing; selecting; deciding (on)
establishment; institution; installation (of a machine or equipment)
oil bottle (esp. for hair oil); oilcup; font (in an oil lamp)
to stop writing; to put down one's pen; to close (a letter)
to be eloquent; to have a way with words
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
otherwise; or else; if not
to pass (e.g. car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to get ahead of
last place; lowest position; lowest rank; least significant (bit); lowest order
pickled (something); pickled in (something); preserved in; overreliance on (e.g. medication); excessive use of
glass bottle; glass jar; phial; vial
plaster; gypsum; calcium sulphate (sulfate)
type of faceted glass from Edo
(male) farmer; peasant; farmhand