indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become used to seeing; to be familiar with
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one's post; place of work; workplace
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
alighting (from a train, bus, etc.); getting off; getting out (of a car)
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
regular; usual; favourite; favorite; preferred; accustomed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
just; exactly; precisely; perfectly; sharp
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
time; hour; period; class
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
counter seat; seat at the counter
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial