to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
veneer board; plywood; joint publication
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
omission (of middle part of a text); ellipsis
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
educational institution; school; academy; campus
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to be discouraged; to shrink from
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
until now; so far; up to the present
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed