indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
while; during; while; although; all; both
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
feel (i.e. tactile sensation); touch; feeling; sensation; texture (e.g. food, cloth)
first lieutenant; lieutenant junior grade
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour