indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
armament; soldier's equipment
button (clothing); push-button
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
combo (esp. a small jazz group); combination; set; combo (set of actions performed in sequence)
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
Extinct (conservation status); EX
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
technique; art; skill; move
accumulation; accumulate; store
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone