indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
foreign; imported; outpatient; outpatient care; outpatient clinic
reception (desk); information desk; receipt; acceptance
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
multicolored; multicoloured; of various colors; diverse; of all kinds; all manners of
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
such ... as; or some such
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
route; way; course; directions
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
wherein; therein; thereinto
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
along; parallel to; in accordance with
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
stand; stall; booth; kiosk; store
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
facing; opposite; across the street; other side
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
surgery; department of surgery (hospital, etc.)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
end (of a street, hallway, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to