undulation; ups and downs; highs and lows
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
loose; slack; gentle (slope, curve); slow (speed); lenient; liberal
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
bald mountain; bare mountain; treeless hill
aspect; phase; condition; modality
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
radio wave; reception; signal; saying strange things
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
artificial object; man-made object; artifact; artefact
characteristic (of); peculiar (to)
information; news; information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.); informatics (as a subject)
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to flow into; to pour into; to stream into
monitor (device, software or person); monitoring; person who gives feedback on products, television programs, etc.; customer panel participant; (computer) monitor; display
notice; notification; report; notification (on a smartphone, PC, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pick up; to gather; to find (and pick up; something someone has dropped); to select; to choose; to get (unexpectedly); to hit upon (luck, an opportunity, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
terminal; computer terminal; information access device (smartphone, tablet, book-reader, etc.); end (e.g. of a roll of film)
to be broken; to break; to break (down); to stop working; to fall through (of a plan, deal, etc.); to collapse
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally