indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to the limit; to the full; as much as possible; with all one's might
to open (one's eyes) wide
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
calmness; composure; coolness; serenity; presence of mind
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
expressly; especially; specially; intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
to detain; to check; to restrain; to stop
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
repeatedly opening and closing (one's mouth); gasping; flapping (e.g. shoe sole); gaping open and shut; heartily (eating); devouring
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
explanation; excuse; clarification; vindication; apology
abandonment; renouncement; renunciation; resignation; abdication; surrender
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to face; to go towards; to head towards
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
(feather) duster; dusting
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last