how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
helpless; forlorn; hopeless; unpromising; lonely; discouraging
to feel; to sense; to experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
meaning; significance; sense
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
wherein; therein; thereinto
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
faint; dim; weak; poor; wretched; meagre
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine