this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
notebook; memo pad; certificate; identification card
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
things left (to one) by the deceased; inherited item; estate; lost item; lost property
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
originally; primarily; essentially; intrinsically; proper; rightful
like this; this sort; this way
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
discovery; detection; finding
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to write down; to note; to jot down; to remember
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
calmness; composure; coolness; serenity; presence of mind
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
to gulp down; to swallow deeply; to understand; to take in; to engulf; to swallow up
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
reality; actuality; hard fact
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances