indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
to behave like a spoiled child; to fawn on; to take advantage of; to presume upon (e.g. another's benevolence); to depend on
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
exile; banishment; eviction; elimination (e.g. of poverty); removal
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
selection; choice; option
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
careless; stupid; thoughtless; heedless; unobservant; inadvertent
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
repeatedly; over and over again; fully (e.g. understand); very much; very well
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
way; method; means; resource; course
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
factory; plant; mill; workshop
attraction; lure; invitation
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise