indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
breasts; boobies; tits; breast milk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
circle; "correct"; "good"; *; _; period
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
while; during; while; although; all; both
please (give me); please (do for me)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
two persons; two people; pair; couple
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cold water; cold sake; cold; cool
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk