indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
glasses; eyeglasses; judgment; judgement; four-eyes
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
disliking; hating; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
manner; way; appearance; air; custom; convention; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
first day of autumn (approx. August 8); first day of fall
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
summer season; summer; summertime
extended leave; long vacation
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drag; to trail; to force (someone) along; to drag (along); to prolong; to drag out
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
depression; melancholy; dejection; gloom; despondency
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
home area; home town; local
school; proofreading; proof
comparatively; relatively
studies; schoolwork; classwork
regarding highly; attaching importance to
school with a high proportion of graduates accepted into high-ranking universities; school focused on preparing students to get into high-ranking universities; school with a high proportion of graduates who go on to university or junior college
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
head; brains; intelligence
workmanship; craftsmanship; grades; results; quality (e.g. of a crop); dealings