everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as soon as possible; as quickly as possible; speedily; without delay; ASAP
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
event; festivities; function; social gathering; auspices; opening
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
after-treatment; post-treatment; post-processing; dealing with the aftermath
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
complex; intricate; complicated; confused; troublesome; vexatious
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
normal; usual; ordinary; everyday
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
lunch; midday meal; food served at a tea party (tea ceremony)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to be disheartened; to lose heart; to be sprained; to be snapped; to be broken
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding