ceremony held at the end of a school term; end-of-term ceremony
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
store interior; inside of a shop
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in the company of; accompanied by ...; as a group comprising ...; likes of ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
student (esp. a university student)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
congestion; crush; crowding; confusion; disorder
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
second; number two; runner-up
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
one by one; one after another; successively
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
autumn colours; fall colors; leaves turning red; red leaves; leaves turning yellow; yellow leaves; (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)
to remove; to eliminate; to eradicate; to exclude; to except
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof