indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
slip; omission; upshot; denouement; punch line (of a joke)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
chattering (teeth); (frozen, worried) stiff; rigid (personality, thinking, etc.); inflexible; voracious (e.g. work, study); without slack or pause
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
slimy; slippery; greasy; smoothly (of CGI movements, video streaming, etc.)
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
H; h; indecent; lewd; (having) sex; nth year in the Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
how; in what way; how about
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
only; merely; just; at most; no more than
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
soft; tender; gentle; mild; informal; light
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
-job; stimulating the penis with a body part
to drain; to pour; to wash away; to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to cruise (e.g. taxi); to float
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in that way; thus; so; so?
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use to the full (one's voice, energy, etc.); to muster all of (one's strength, courage, etc.); to summon all of; to exert fully; to strain (one's voice)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp