indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
skip (bounding forward with alternate hops on each foot); skipping (over); skip (captain of a curling team); skipper
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
involuntarily; instinctively; without realizing; unconsciously
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
admiration; wonder; astonishment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
breath; breathing; tone; mood
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
to float; to set afloat; to show on one's face (smile, sadness, etc.); to recall; to call to mind
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
soft; tender; limp; subdued (colour or light) (color); gentle; meek
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
exactly; nicely; to a tee; to be fitting
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
countryman; provincial; person from the country; provincial person; bumpkin; hick
rejection; expulsion; boycott; ostracism
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come