in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand in the way; to bar someone's way; to block the way
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to have grown tense (of a situation); to have become critical (and to be on the verge of a major upheaval)
overthrow of the shogunate
trend; tendency; momentum
rise; swell; elevation; upsurge
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
hostility; antagonism; opposition
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
first water drawn from a well on New Year's Day
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
post; quarters; military station; police station
to borrow; to have a loan; to hire; to rent; to buy on credit