overthrow of the shogunate
trend; tendency; momentum
rise; swell; elevation; upsurge
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
hostility; antagonism; opposition
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
counter for birds, rabbits, etc.
to be helpful; to be useful
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to prepare oneself (for the worst); to resolve oneself
to pull apart; to separate; to have a lead over; to pull ahead of; to outdistance
Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)