indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
imagination; supposition; guess
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
by all rights; properly speaking; legally speaking
should; must; -able; probably; likely
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
(arch.) offering (to the gods, emperor, etc.); gift; sacrifice
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to raise one's hand; to surrender; to raise one's hand to someone (as a threat to strike); to become better (at something); to improve; to throw one's hat in the ring
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
feeling; sense; impression
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to scream; to whine; to grumble; to complain
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
unable to do (as one wishes); able to do only with great effort; almost impossible to do; beyond one's control; not always turning out as one wishes; not going the way one wants it to