let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
I see; that's right; indeed
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
real intention; true motive; true meaning
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
to turn towards; to point
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
difference; variation; difference
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to compare; to make a comparison; to compete; to vie
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to pass (e.g. car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to get ahead of
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you