to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become used to seeing; to be familiar with
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to twist; to turn; to writhe (e.g. in pain); to twist around; to turn in one's seat
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (endure); stoically
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
until now; so far; up to the present
to be silent; to say nothing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
H; h; indecent; lewd; (having) sex; nth year in the Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need