indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
remains; traces; (the sorrow of) parting; end
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to mix with; to be mixed; to be mingled
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
autumn colours; fall colors; leaves turning red; red leaves; leaves turning yellow; yellow leaves; (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to be dyed; to be tainted; to be infected; to be stained
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to begin; to set about; to start
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
spring break; spring vacation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)