indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to shine; to be visible; to be tinged with; to rise (of water levels); to flow in; to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one
anything and everything; just about everything
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to crawl out; to creep out; to begin to crawl
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
unperturbed; undaunted; retaining composure; unyielding; not giving an inch
to squash; to crush; to flatten
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
to gasp; to pant; to breathe hard; to suffer; to struggle
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sudden; abrupt; unexpected; unforeseen
waking up; awakening; arousal; disillusion; disillusionment; awakening
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you