indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
first; first base; first baseman; fast
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
reality; actuality; hard fact
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
tranquillity and peace; tranquility and peace; peaceful and uneventful
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
fierce; intense; severe; violent; strong; vehement
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
how; in what way; how about
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)