hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to melt; to thaw; to fuse; to dissolve
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
canopy (esp. the cloth or canvas used for it); awning; top (of a convertible); helmet cape; cloth covering one's back to protect against arrows during battle
route; road; distance travelled in a day; one's ... (age, e.g. 40s, 60s)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
bedside; near one's pillow
arrival (of post, news, correspondence, etc.); receiving (a phone call, email, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
of course; certainly; naturally
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...