indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
serious; not joking; straight
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
being put off (by someone's words, behaviour, etc.); being taken aback; recoiling (in shock, disgust, etc.); zooming out or pulling the camera back to get a wider image (in film and TV)
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
ignoring; acting as if it is nothing
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
something to think about; one's thoughts; concern; thinking about something; being absorbed in one's thoughts
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be worried; to be troubled
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
club activities; extracurricular activities
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing