diversionary tactics (maneuvering); disguise; hide by camouflage
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
notice or order handed down from above; announcement; notification; Edo-period proclamation issued by the shogunate (or a daimyo, etc.) to the concerned parties
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to be certain of; to have faith in; to believe completely; to trust (someone completely)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
have a good day; take care; see you
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
unavoidably; inevitably; necessarily; reluctantly; against one's will
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make sure of; to assure oneself of; to see with one's own eyes; to ascertain
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon