honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
time; hour; period; class
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
limousine (stretched car); shuttle bus (usu. to airport)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to shorten; to narrow; to close; to shrink
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in reality; to tell the truth
bodily sensation; feeling in the body; physical feeling; coenesthesia; cenesthesia; coenesthesis
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to urge; to encourage; to press; to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken
timidly; nervously; with nervous diffidence; trembling with fear
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again