indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
shopping; purchased goods
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
low-life; sleazebag; boor; person of humble rank; humble person; peasant
very hungry; starving; fawning; bowing and scraping; giving in; being dented
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
single word; a few words; brief comment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(jumping) nimbly; light-footed; boing; used at sentence end to affect cuteness
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to jump up and down; to hop
while; during; while; although; all; both
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
favour; favor; favourite; favorite; patron; supporter
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to attack; to assault; to assail