that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling, atmosphere, etc.); serious; gloomy
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
violence; assault; rough (e.g. handling); reckless; rape; sexual assault
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
too much; excessively; too
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
chair; stool; post; office; position
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to spring; to jump up; to fly up; to skip
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles; judgment; judgement; discrimination
to slide; to slip off; to get dislocated; to be out of alignment; to get dislodged; to deviate
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
hello; good day; good afternoon
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
all; entire; whole; altogether
return of something; repayment