indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
rumination; regurgitation; chewing the cud; turning over in one's mind; thinking over something; pondering
memories; recollections; reminiscence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to indulge in; to give oneself up to; to be obsessed by; to be engrossed in; to be lost in; to be absorbed in
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
unfairness; injustice; partiality
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
(large) compilation; culmination (of hard work)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
school festival; campus festival
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen