indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
myself; yourself; I; me; you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken