pitch-dark; pitch-black; completely dark; very bleak (future); utterly hopeless
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
light; bright; bright (colour); cheerful; bright; bright (future, prospects, etc.); rosy
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
lying face down; lying on one's face; placing upside down; placing face down
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that)
to notice; to realize; to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou dynasty Chinese army)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
learning by ear; memory of having heard something before
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
overhead; above one's head; high in the sky
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
so much (something) as to (e.g. so moved as to cry); overwhelmed; carried away; because of too much
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
how much; how many; to what extent
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's back; to bear; to take (responsibility); to assume; to suffer (an injury); to sustain (a wound)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)