leader; boss; upper part of a flag; (Okinawa) bamboo poles with an attached vertical flag and an elaborate display at the top that are used during the annual fertility and thanks-giving festivals
ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
aggression; invasion; raid
unrelated; unconnected; without relations (esp. of a deceased person); having no surviving relatives; unrelated to the teachings of Buddha; unable to be saved by Buddha
civil war; insurrection; rebellion; domestic conflict
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
placid; composed; big hearted; broad-minded; great quantity (of something)
simple; artless; naive; unsophisticated
tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful
malicious; spiteful; vicious; shady and damp
thick; viscous; muddy; dirty (with oil, grease, etc.); to be in an ugly state (of emotions, relations, etc.); to be murky
to go to extremes; to go to excess; to go too far
racially homogeneous; monoracial
intentionally; deliberately; designedly; especially; particularly
friction; discord; strife
to get complicated; to grow worse; to turn sour
foreign country; other country; another province; strange land; alien land
import; importation; introduction; afferent
home country; one's own country; suzerain country (from the perspective of the vassal state); colonizing country; country of one's ancestors; this country
information; experience; observation; seeing and hearing
body and soul; mind and body
clue; lead; key; handhold; hold
Kshitigarbha (bodhisattva who looks over children, travellers and the underworld); Ksitigarbha; Jizō
to sit in a row; to be arrayed
cross (for crucifixion); the Cross (of Christ)
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
Shimabara Rebellion (1637-1638)
discovery; detection; finding
challenging (an unknown person); asking a person's identity
battle formation; lineup (e.g. for a game)
divine punishment; wrath of God; justice of heaven; suitable punishment; just deserts; come-uppance
chapel; place of worship (esp. Christian); place of worship (esp. Buddhist and Shinto)
to be lit (e.g. candle, lamp, light bulb); to be lighted; to be burning
to creak; to squeak; to grate; to grind; to rasp
relocation of the capital; transfer of the capital
to pull over one's eyes (e.g. hat); to wear pulled down over one's eyes