indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
ominous; sinister; unlucky; inauspicious
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to fix; to settle; to standardize; constant; definite; uniform
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
gravel; ballast; pebbles; child; rugrat; ankle-biter
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
kind; sort; type; equal; match; peer
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
step; stride; counter for steps
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
to rub against; to chafe; to quarrel; to jostle (with)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to whine; to sing; to chirp
to cry (noisily); to wail; to sob
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
playing to the gallery; showing off; pretence; pretense
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
a little; a bit; somewhat; slightly; rather
beyond help; past salvation; incorrigible; irredeemable
direction (of a play, film, etc.); production; organization (of an event); arrangement; staging (for effect)
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker
number (of long, cylindrical things, movies, trains, home runs, etc.)
to increase; to add to; to augment
plain; frank; candid; open; direct; straightforward
to carry around; to carry on one's person
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
fashion-consciousness; desire to be stylish; humor; humour; wit
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
meaning; tenor; effect; influence; appearance; aspect
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
is not ... either; is (neither ...) nor ...; nor is it ...; does not ... either; (neither ...) nor ...; does not even ...